If they had been more aggresive against Hitler, they would have prevented war. [29] Ribbentrop demanded the return of Klaipda to Germany and threatened military action. (agree) Based on the assessment of political will and military power if the other countries back in 1938, Britain and France were simply not ready for a war, and were unwilling to fight a war. Cite evidence from at least three documents (Attached PowerPoints) to support your answer. It was the right policy as at that point of time, Britain was still reeling from the Great Depression. Many have judged that belief to be fallacious since the dictators' demands were not limited, and appeasement merely gave them time to gain greater strength. The Labour MP Hugh Dalton identified the policy with wealthy people in the City of London, Conservatives and members of the peerage who were soft on Hitler. However, the idea that the Munich Agreement had restored peace fooled the Allies into a stagnant state since none of them were fully prepared for the war when it arrived. However the appeasement directly led to the start of WW2, appeasement was unnecessary because at that point in time the Germans were unable to retaliate against any attack. The policy appeared to be ineffectual when confronted by the aggression of dictators, notably Germany's Remilitarization of the Rhineland and Italy's Benito Mussolini's invasion of Abyssinia. They betrayed a lot of countries in the process. However, instead of throwing Germany the whole meal, assuring them that they can take as much as they want, Britain should have only fed them Scraps. Instead, it only postponed the war, which was actually a bad thing. Therefore they also needed time to rally the support of the People. If Britain had taken more of a forceful stance, Germany may have been prompted to declare war on Britain anyway. The BBC and the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939)". America would have helped them as they had an alliance. But, I completely understand why Britain tried appeasement first. The prime minister of Britain, Neville Chamberlain, met with Adolf Hitler twice in 1938 to discuss Germany's aggressive foreign policy. On 29 September 1938, Hitler, Chamberlain, French Prime Minister douard Daladier and Mussolini met in Munich. The policy of collective security ran in parallel with measures to achieve international disarmament and, if possible, was to be based on economic sanctions against an aggressor. [52][53] In 1935, its pacifist leader, George Lansbury, resigned after a party resolution in favour of sanctions against Italy, which he opposed. [68] As Richard Cockett noted: [Chamberlain] had successfully demonstrated how a government in a democracy could influence and control the press to a remarkable degree. The 1945 United Kingdom general election was a national election held on Thursday 5 July 1945, but polling in some constituencies was delayed by some days, and the counting of votes was delayed until 26 July to provide time for overseas votes to be brought to Britain. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The book and Churchill's authority confirmed the orthodox view. Therefore this shows that appeasement was not the right policy for Britain in 1938. It was also the best policy for them because at the point of time, if Britain had went to war, she would have lost the war. [84] In 1999, Christopher Hitchens wrote that Chamberlain "had made a cold calculation that Hitler should be re-armed partly to encourage his 'tough-minded' solution to the Bolshevik problem in the East". Statesmen in the postwar years have often referred to their opposition to appeasement as a justification for firm, sometimes armed, action in international relations. Develop Hypothesis #1, drawing from Documents A and B. Chamberlain went to meet Hitler on 15th September 1938 in Although, we now know that in hindsight, it was perhaps a bad move as it egged on Hitler to persue a much more aggressive policy, at the time it was the correct choice. After the German invasion of Norway, opinion turned against Chamberlain's conduct of the war. While it is true that they had no idea whether or not they could overcome Hitler, they still could have been more convicted in their stance instead of constantly bending to his will. [36] I was not until May 1938 that he began "consistently to withhold his support from the National Government's conduct of foreign policy in the division lobbies of the House of Commons". Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938? After being involved in World War I, the people of Great Britain had no desire to enter into another conflict.They thought appeasing Germany would keep them safe from harm. In 1937, Stanley Baldwin resigned as Prime Minister. Beck, R.J., "Munich's Lessons Reconsidered". Chamberlain managed to avoid After the fact that Germany invaded Poland, which basically started WWII, I think that its safe to say that the appeaseme, nt for England was the wrong policy. As a result, they had mixed feelings towards the German and Italian regimes which had crushed the communists and socialists in their own countries".[85]. Both Britain and Germany did not want a war, the German people also would do anything to avoid another war. [41] Amongst Conservatives, Churchill was unusual in believing that Germany menaced freedom and democracy, that British rearmament should proceed more rapidly and that Germany should be resisted over Czechoslovakia. On 30 September, on his return to Britain, Chamberlain delivered his famous "peace for our time" speech to delighted crowds. They thought that Germany could act as a buffer, especially as Hitler was very anti-Communist. Was appeasement the right policy for England in 1938. On 12 March 1939, Foreign Minister Juosas Urbys represented Lithuania at the coronation of Pope Pius XII in Rome. Lithuanian diplomacy characterized the concession as a "necessary evil" to enable Lithuania to preserve its independence, and it maintained the hope that it was merely a temporary retreat. Appeasement was Chamberlains personal way of dealing with Hitler [14] The American reaction was similar. It was a disaster. [38] (In France, right-wingers were sometimes accused of believing "Better Hitler than Blum" in reference to the French Socialist Prime Minister Lon Blum at the time. Because the ultimatum was never set down in writing and did not include a formal deadline, some historians downplay its importance and describe it as a "set of demands", rather than as an ultimatum. Johns, Michael, "Peace in Our Time: The Spirit of Munich Lives On", Murray, Williamson. [67] The BBC radio producers continued to censor news of persecution of Jews even after the war broken out, as Chamberlain still held out hopes of a quick armistice and did not want to inflame the atmosphere. [31] Italy and Japan supported Germany in the matter, and the United Kingdom and France expressed sympathy for Lithuania but chose not to offer any material assistance and followed a well-publicized policy of appeasing Hitler. Appeasement was considered a viable policy because of the strains that the British Empire faced in recuperating from World War I, and Chamberlain was said to have adopted a policy suitable to Britain's cultural and political needs. The invasion was the first major test of the Wehrmacht's machinery. Earlier, in April 1935, Italy had joined Britain and France in protest against German rearmament. The new country included Bohemia, Moravia, and Slovakia and had border areas with a majority-German population that was known as the Sudetenland and areas with significant numbers of other ethnic minorities (notably Hungarians, Poles and Ruthenians). In 1961, the view of appeasement as avoidable error and cowardice was similarly set on its head by A.J.P. By taking on a policy of appeasement, it would justify to the people that all options have been exhausted before going to war. You can share this debate in three different ways: Given the sources you've read & the contextual understanding of 7 reasons why they chose Appeasement - do you think it was the right policy for Britain in 1938? Kian Shiong - Yes. 1) Initially they were one little country against a big land-mass based enemy. I saw them in Munich". They promised to counter the German bombing offensive but were not yet ready and so appeasement was necessary to cause a delay. Taylor said that appeasement ought to be seen as a rational response to an unpredictable leader that both diplomatically and politically appropriate to the time. Gendering Appeasement, Members of the Government, from 26 October 1951 to 5 April 1955. Without appeasement, Germany would have been able to start a war, leaving Britain to be defenseless. And as Churchill suggested that appeasement was not the only option, and it turned out that appeasement didnt help in any case. October 1938. On September 30, 1938, they signed the Munich Pact, which gave the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia to Germany. [32] The Soviets supported Lithuania in principle but did not wish to disrupt their relations with Germany since they were contemplating the German-Soviet Pact. When asked at press conferences about Hitler's abuse of Jews and other minority groups, he went so far as to denounce these reports as "Jewish-Communist propaganda".[65]. This in turn allowed for continued resistant against German aggression when Germany took control of the European continent. [66] For example,>Lord Halifax>told radio producers not to offend Hitler and Mussolini, and they complied by censoring anti-fascist commentary made by Labour and Popular Front MPs. Arguments with the highest score are displayed first. 59, No. However, by the time of the Munich Agreement, which was concluded on 30 September 1938 between Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and Italy, the policy was opposed by the Labour Party and by a few Conservative dissenters such as future Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Secretary of State for War Duff Cooper, and future Prime Minister Anthony Eden. 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Appeasement was the right policy for Britain in 1938. Chamberlain returned to Britain and promised "peace for our time". Urbys relayed the verbal ultimatum to the Lithuanian government. Many people believed to Germany had been treated too harshly under the Treaty of Versailles. [78] Martin Gilbert expressed a similar view: "At bottom, the old appeasement was a mood of hope, Victorian in its optimism, Burkean in its belief that societies evolved from bad to good and that progress could only be for the better. On 22 September, Chamberlain flew to Bad Godesberg for his second meeting with Hitler and said that he was willing to accept the cession of the Sudetenland to Germany. Nevertheless, the Italian economy suffered. [64] For the few journalists who were asking challenging questions about appeasement, primarily members of the foreign press, Chamberlain often froze them out or intimidated them. Forceful stance, Germany may have been able to start a war, leaving Britain be! 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