[36], In a time period where the acquisition of humans was a priority over the ownership of land, the warfare of pre-modern Southeast Asia revolved around the seizing of people and resources from its enemies. Fa Ngum's eldest son, Oun Heuan, ascended to the throne under the name Samsenethai and reigned for 43years. [72], On 17 May 2014, Defence Minister and Deputy Prime Minister Douangchay Phichit was killed in a plane crash, along with other top ranking officials. Government policies are determined by the party through the eleven-member Politburo of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party and the 61-member Central Committee of the Lao People's Revolutionary Party. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions 2023 worldatlas.com. [14] It is a one-party socialist republic, espousing MarxismLeninism and governed by the Lao People's Revolutionary Party, under which non-governmental organisations have routinely characterised the country's human rights record as poor, citing repeated abuses such as torture, restrictions on civil liberties and persecution of minorities. Amnesty International raised concerns about the ratification record of the Lao government on human rights standards and its lack of co-operation with the UN human rights mechanisms and legislative measuresboth impact negatively upon human rights. Vientiane: Laos' Capital City . Over the years, Vientiane has experienced civil wars, internal conflicts, and agitations which ultimately led to the freedom of Laos from French rule, and then from monarchial rule in 1975. [83] Around 5,000 Hmong people who were not resettled at the time of the camp closures sought asylum at Wat Tham Krabok, a Buddhist monastery in central Thailand where more than 10,000 Hmong refugees had already been living. [163] The first feature-length film made after the monarchy was abolished is Gun Voice from the Plain of Jars, directed by Somchith Pholsena in 1983, although its release was prevented by a censorship board. This article is about the country in Southeast Asia. His reign is often regarded as Laos's golden age. Biggest Cities In Laos Vientiane . The remainder, particularly in rural areas, speak ethnic minority languages. What Is the Capital of Laos? In 1990 only 8% of the rural population had access to improved sanitation. (Lao: , pronounced Loo-ang pah-bang and also spelled Louangphrabang, is the former capital of Laos and a UNESCO World Heritage city. [43] As a result, 53% of the population of Vientiane, 85% of Thakhek, and 62% of Pakse were Vietnamese, with only the exception of Luang Prabang where the population was predominantly Lao. This tourist attraction still holds more than 10 thousand Buddha statues, large and small. Patuxay, Vientiane Laos, Sunrise in the morning at at Patuxai. Layers of Chinese Loanwords in Proto-Southwestern Tai as Evidence for the Dating of the Spread of Southwestern Tai, "Let's hope Laos hangs on to its identity", "Slavery in Nineteenth-Century Northern Thailand: Archival Anecdotes and Village Voices", Creating Laos: The Making of a Lao Space Between Indochina and Siam, 18601945, "Laos Encyclopdia Britannica Overview", "Making More Enemies than We Kill? Major religion Buddhism. [15][16] Laos has been referred to as one of Southeast Asia and Pacific's fastest growing economies by the World Bank with annual GDP growth averaging 7.4% since 2009. If you drive into town, you might not even realize when you're actually in the city proper, as Vientiane blends seamlessly with the countryside. In 1950, the French were forced to give Laos semi-autonomy as an "associated state" within the French Union. The main international airports are Vientiane's Wattay International Airport and Luang Prabang International Airport with Pakse International Airport also having a few international flights. However, villages far from major roads can be reached only through unpaved roads that may not be accessible year-round. The city also has a well-developed economy and a thriving tourism sector that attracts a large number of international investors. [86] In 2004 and 2005, thousands of Hmong fled from the jungles of Laos to a temporary refugee camp in the Thai province of Phetchabun. Population 6.7 million. Mapcarta, the open map. This slim paperback by Sam Brier and Phouphanomlack (Tee) Sangkhampone boasts an intuitive, sound-based way to learn the written Lao alphabet and sounds of the Lao language. [181], Association football is the most popular sport in Laos. [1] These earliest human migrants are Australo-Melanesians associated with the Hoabinhian cultureand have populated the highlands . The capital is Vientiane (Lao: Viangchan), located on the Mekong River in the northern portion of the country. Foreign enterprises must report on their performance annually and submit annual financial statements to MPI. During World War II, the city was briefly captured by Japan, but quickly recaptured by the French. Lao Theung constitute about 30% of the population. Laos became independent in 1953, with a constitutional monarchy under Sisavang Vong. The area was originally settled because of the fertility of the surrounding alluvial plains, and Vientiane became the capital city of Laos around the mid-16th century. [66][67] The incumbent head of government is Prime Minister Sonexay Siphandone. [citation needed], On 2 December 1975, after taking control of the country, the Pathet Lao government under Kaysone Phomvihane renamed the country as the Lao People's Democratic Republic and signed agreements giving Vietnam the right to station armed forces and to appoint advisers to assist in overseeing the country. Between 20,000 and 62,000 Laotians died during the civil war. [33], In 1637, when Sourigna Vongsa ascended the throne, Lan Xang further expanded its frontiers. Located on the Mekong River the city has 950,000 inhabitants. [98][99] Prominent civil society advocates, human rights defenders, political and religious dissidents, and Hmong refugees have disappeared at the hands of Lao military and security forces. Bangkok (AFP) - A new $6 billion Chinese-built railway line opens in Laos this week, bringing hopes of an economic boost to the reclusive nation, but experts are questioning the benefits . Jaew. A major breakthrough occurred in December 2021, when the 414-km long standard-gauge BotenVientiane railway that runs from the capital Vientiane to Boten at the northern border with China, built as part of China's Belt and Road Initiative, was opened. [46], The official and majority language is Lao, a language of the Tai-Kadai language family. Additionally, many elite and French-educated Lao immigrated to nations such as the United States and France to escape government persecution. Laos's strategies for development are based on generating electricity from rivers and selling the power to its neighbours, namely Thailand, China and Vietnam, as well as its initiative to become a "land-linked" nation, as evidenced by the construction of four new railways connecting Laos and neighbours. As a low-income country, Laos faces a brain-drain problem as many educated people migrate to developed countries. Population 6.7 million. Laos is a landlocked country on the Indo-Chinese peninsula between Thailand and Vietnam. [100], Ostensibly, the Constitution of Laos that was promulgated in 1991 and amended in 2003 contains most key safeguards for human rights. It was founded in 1563 and was prompted by fears of attacks from Burma. [139]:3940, In 2004 the net primary enrollment rate was 84%. Choose our custom designed, flexible and unique Laos Tour Packages. France remained in de facto control until 22 October 1953, when Laos gained full independence as a constitutional monarchy. 1353 - Lan Xang (Million Elephants) Kingdom, founded in the 14th century by Fa Ngum. It is a political term that includes the non-ethnic Lao groups within Laos and identifies them as "Laotian" because of their political citizenship. ", "Laos Deputy PM Douangchay Phichit dies in plane crash", "Laos plane crash kills defence minister and senior officials", "Lao Defense Chief Among Plane Crash Victims", "Hmong Leader's Vanishing In Laos Reverberates in U.S.", Reports on results of investigations of allegations concerning the welfare of Hmong refugees and asylum seekers in Thailand and Laos, "Refugee Admissions Program for East Asia", "History of the Hmong Resettlement Task Force", Report on the situation in the Xaysomboun Special Zone and 1100 Hmong-Lao refugees who escaped to Petchabun, Thailand during 20042005, Thailand: EU Presidency Declaration on the situation of Hmong refugees, "Hmong refugees facing removal from Thailand", Deportation of Hmong Lao refugees stopped in last minute, Hmong: UNHCR Protests Refugee Deportation, "Somsanga's Secrets | Arbitrary Detention, Physical Abuse, and Suicide inside a Lao Drug Detention Center", "In charts: How the Philippines fares in Southeast Asia", "Submission to the UN Universal Periodic Review: Eighth session of the UPR Working Group of the Human Rights Council", "Human Rights Watch Concerns on Laos Submitted in advance of the EU-Laos Human Rights Dialogue October 2015", "Human Rights Abuses in Laos Must be Tackled Now", "Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for 2016", "Free former student leaders arbitrarily detained for 17 years", "Amnesty International Report 2016/17: Laos", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill Hmong Christians", "Laos, Vietnam troops kill four Hmong Christians: NGO", "Two teenagers rescued from forced prostitution in Laos", "Chinese marriage proposals become prostitution nightmares for some Lao girls", "Communism and Capitalism Are Mixing in Laos", https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341793965, "Preparing the Cumulative Impact Assessment for the Nam Ngum 3 Hydropower Project: Financed by the Japan Special Fund", "Briefing note for countries on the 2015 Human Development Report Laos", International Food Policy Research Institute, "UN expert: Lao PDR's economic strategy entrenches poverty", Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, European Council On Tourism And Trade Delegation Visit To Laos-World Best Tourist Destination European Council On Tourism And Trade, "The Lao People's Democratic Republic's Vision for Ecotourism", "China's BRI and its High-Speed Railways to Nowhere", "Focales n 8. [57], Laos is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia, and it lies mostly between latitudes 14 and 23N (a small area is south of 14), and longitudes 100 and 108E. Set at the point where the Mekong and Nam Khan rivers meet, Luang Prabang stands in front of a backdrop of a magnificent hilltop temple. 3,920 square kilometres and is located on the banks of the Mekong, close to the Thai border.Vientiane was the administrative capital . [119] The economy receives development aid from the International Monetary Fund, Asian Development Bank, and other international sources; and also foreign direct investment for development of the society, industry, hydropower and mining (most notably of copper and gold). Asia. Metallurgy is an important industry, and the government hopes to attract foreign investment to develop the substantial deposits of coal, gold, bauxite, tin, copper, and other valuable metals. [27] Burial jars and other kinds of sepulchers suggest a complex society in which bronze objects appeared around 1500 BC, and iron tools were known from 700 BC. These include the Presidential Palace and the National Assembly of Laos. Savada, Andrea Matles (editor) (1994) "Events in 1945". According to the International Monetary Fund, as of 01.01.2020, they amounted to USD 1.128 million. [75], Some Hmong groups fought as CIA-backed units on the royalist side in the Laotian Civil War. After the Vietnam War ended in 1975, the communist Pathet Lao came to power, ending the civil war. According to the USCommittee for Refugees, he was arrested by Lao security forces and was never seen again. [26] Archaeological evidence suggests an agriculturist society developed during the 4th millennium BC. Of the many beautiful Wats in Vientiane, a visit to Wat Sisaket is a must; built in 1818, this is one of the oldest temples in Vientiane. Soukvimarn is one of the older restaurants in Vientiane and a local favorite. Of the almost $6 billion cost for the China-Laos railway, the Chinese government will pay 70 percent. [128] As of 2021, despite cheap hydro power available in the country, Laos continues to also rely on fossil fuels, coal in particular, in the domestic electricity production. This sector has made significant contributions to the economic condition of Laos. There are two plateaux, the Xiangkhoang in the north and the Bolaven Plateau at the southern end. [130] According to the Global Hunger Index (2018), Laos ranks as the 36th hungriest nation in the world out of the list of the 52 nations with the worst hunger situation(s). President Biden committed the United States to be the world's arsenal . [70] Laos was admitted into the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in July 1997 and acceded to the World Trade Organization in 2016. [97] The organisation also raised concerns in relation to freedom of expression, poor prison conditions, restrictions on freedom of religions, protection of refugees and asylum-seekers, and the death penalty. When he died without an heir, the kingdom split into three principalities. He describes his experience in the Lao capital in fine detail, making the minutiae come alive. "Effects of AFTA on poverty: Evidence from Laos. [126] In addition, the country's plentiful water resources and mountainous terrain enable it to produce and export large quantities of hydroelectric energy. [84] Following threats of forcible removal by the Thai government, the United States, in a significant victory for the Hmong, agreed to accept 15,000 of the refugees in 2003. Local tradition holds that there are three seasons (rainy, cool and hot) as the latter two months of the climatologically defined dry season are noticeably hotter than the earlier four months. Laos(nume oficial: Republica Popular Democrat Laos) este un stat fr ieire la mare din Asia de Sud-Est, ce se nvecineaz cu Birmania (Myanmar) i China la nord-est, cu Vietnamul la est, cu Cambodgia la sud i cu Thailanda la vest. As of 2011[update], Nhn Dn ('The People') and the Xinhua News Agency are the only foreign media organisations permitted to open offices in Laosboth opened bureaus in Vientiane in 2011. Residents of the capital Vientiane are barred from leaving the city and outsiders must get permission to enter. At the heart of the Indochinese Peninsula, Laos is bordered by Myanmar and China to the northwest, Vietnam to the east, Cambodia to the southeast, and Thailand to the west and southwest. The city of Vientiane is located on the Mekong River's bank near the Laos-Thailand border, and is the seat of the countrys national government. With an estimated population of 760,000 in 2015, the city is also the most populous in the nation. [76] As many as 200,000 Hmong went into exile in Thailand, with many ending up in the US. It is stretched out on the north-eastern bank of a bend in the Mekong River. [183] Since the start of the league, Lao Army F.C. Pathet Lao held areas used Lao as their sole language and following the end of the Vietnam War, French began its sharp decline in Laos. [164] One of the first commercial feature-length films was Sabaidee Luang Prabang, made in 2008. [144], Laos's population was estimated at 7.45million in 2020, dispersed unevenly across the country. [13] Because of its central geographical location in Southeast Asia, the kingdom became a hub for overland trade and became wealthy economically and culturally. Vientiane authorities have pledged to carry out 30 large-scale development projects from now until 2025 in a bid to accelerate the Lao capital's economic growth. [150] Languages like Khmu (Austroasiatic) and Hmong (Hmong-Mien) are spoken by minorities, particularly in the midland and highland areas. The attack resulted in the RLA largely demobilising, leaving the conflict to irregular ethnic Hmong forces of the "Secret Army" backed by the United States and Thailand, and led by General Vang Pao. A man who lost land and property to the Laos-China railway project near the capital said he has yet to receive any promised money. Laos is a part of the Southeast Asian region. . Lao People's Democratic Republic or Laos (), is a country in southeast Asia. [113] A number of citizens, primarily women and girls from all ethnic groups and foreigners, have been victims of sex trafficking in Laos. This includes 1,900,440 Pfizer and 1,000,800 J&J doses. The city was destroyed, valuables and historical artifacts were looted, and the population fled. 4 min. SE Asia. More than a century later, the kingdom was replaced by the Kingdom of Vientiane in 1707. Located on the banks of the Mekong River, Vientiane is a city steeped in legend and history. [149], Hill people and minority cultures of Laos such as the Hmong, Yao (Mien) (Hmong-Mien), Dao, Shan, and several Tibeto-Burman speaking peoples have lived in isolated regions of Laos for many years. [89], The European Union,[90] UNHCHR, and international groups have since spoken out about the forced repatriation. Laos Local Tour Company offers Laos tours, tailor made vacation packages travel services. The rebellion failed, and Vientiane was ransacked. Laos is landlocked (it does not have a coast on a sea or ocean). Only 4% of the country is arable land and a mere 0.3% used as permanent crop land,[120] the lowest percentage in the Greater Mekong Subregion. With one-party state status of Laos, the General Secretary (party leader) holds ultimate power and authority over state and government and serves as the supreme leader. Vientiane Capital is the home to the most significant . Bomb Tonnages Dropped on Laos and Cambodia, and Weighing Their Implications", "Fifty years of violent war deaths from Vietnam to Bosnia: analysis of data from the world health survey programme", Politics in Contemporary Southeast Asia: Authority, Democracy and Political Change, Renovation in Vietnam since 1988 a study in political, economic and social change, "Anthropogenic modification of forests means only 40% of remaining forests have high ecosystem integrity", "Mekong Divides Different Worlds In 'Golden Triangle', "Opium Poppy Cultivation in South East Asia", "East Asia/Southeast Asia:: Laos The World Factbook Central Intelligence Agency", "Laos promotes PM Thongloun as leader of communist party", "OEC Laos (LAO) Exports, Imports, and Trade Partners", "Q+A What is the East Asia Summit all about? More than half of the nation's population is ethnic Laothe principal lowland inhabitants, and the politically and culturally dominant people of Laos. 783.322 c phiu cn li tip tc c FPT Capital . 400 AD - Theravada Buddhism was introduced to Laos. Vientiane has been the capital since 16th century. His ministers, unable to tolerate his ruthlessness, forced him into exile to the present-day Thai province of Nan in 1373,[31] where he died. The train arrived at the brand new Vientiane Capital Station, the largest and most important station of the line . In 2017, the country sent a team for the first time to the team events at the Southeast Asian Games. [41] Under French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which was seen by the French colonists as a rational solution to a labour shortage within the confines of an Indochina-wide colonial space. [139]:8 Songthaews are used in the country for long-distance and local public transport. The capital of Laos is Vientiane. [58] Laos had a 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index mean score of 5.59/10, ranking it 98th globally out of 172 countries. Overall, the country extends about 650 miles (1,050 km) from northwest to southeast. After talks with the UNHCR and the Thai government, Laos agreed to repatriate the 60,000 Lao refugees living in Thailand, including several thousand Hmong people. Amongst them, 100,000 Hmongs30% of the entire Hmong populationand 90% of all of Lao intellectuals, specialists, and officials. Luang Prabang, made in 2008 sector has made significant contributions to the Laos-China railway project near the capital the... There are two plateaux, the city was briefly captured by Japan, but quickly recaptured the... Language of the Mekong River the city also has a well-developed economy and a favorite. The Mekong River brand new Vientiane capital is the most populous in the 14th century by fa Ngum eldest... 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